Yes provided your flight arrives ontime.
Option1: Take metro from Chennai airport to Chennai Central.
So to calculate your time (assuming you have 1.5 hrs left after you exit from airport)
1. 10-15 mins to walk to metro station and getting ticket.
2....
more... Hoping you get a metro within 8 mins (worse case depening metro TT)
3. Travel time ~45 mins
4. Chennai centro metro exiting and reaching Chennai Central railway station entry 5-10 mins
5. Reaching your platform (depending on pf #) and coach 2-10 mins
So total 1hr 10 mins which would be min (you may arrive early if you get metro within 1 or 2 mins) and max time would be 1 hr 28 mins
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Option 2 : By cab you need atleast 1 hr and if there is road congestion then it may take much more time
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Option 3 : Walking to Local station (Trisulam ) which will take 20-25 mins and local train from Trisulam to Chennai Park station 20-25 mins(+ waiting time 5 mins) to travel, and then walk 10-15 mins to chennai Railway station + reaching platform (2-10mins)So total time would be ~57mins min and 1 hr 25 mins
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This is from my personal experience , you may plan accordingly